Computing & AI
Computer Architecture
tier 0 · 6
Binary and hex
binary_repr
01
The instruction cycle
cpu_pipeline
Parallel processing
gpu_parallel
Instruction sets
instruction_sets
Memory hierarchy
memory_hierarchy
Finding the bottleneck
bottlenecks
Operating Systems & Linux
tier 0 · 7
Files and paths
files_and_paths
02
The shell
shell_basics
03
Package management
package_mgmt
06
Users and permissions
permissions
05
Processes
processes
04
Remote access
ssh_remote
Reading a live system
sys_resources
Programming (Python)
tier 1 · 8
Python basics
python_basics
07
Data structures
data_structures
Files and errors
files_errors
09
Functions
functions
08
pip and virtualenvs
packages_venv
10
Objects
classes_objects
Debugging
debugging
Scripting the system
scripting
11
Networking
tier 1 · 9
Network layers
osi_layers
12
IP addressing
ip_addressing
TCP and UDP
tcp_udp
13
DNS
dns
HTTP and APIs
http_apis
15
Latency and bandwidth
latency_bandwidth
14
Routing and NAT
routing_nat
TLS and certificates
tls_certs
Firewalls
firewalls
Storage & Data
tier 1 · 8
Data formats
data_formats
17
Filesystems
filesystems
16
Block versus object storage
block_vs_object
Databases
databases
18
Redundancy
raid_redundancy
Backup strategy
backup_strategy
Ephemeral state
ephemeral_state
28
Vector stores
vector_stores
63
Software Delivery
tier 2 · 9
Git
git_basics
19
Collaborating in git
git_collaboration
20
Observability
observability
24
The delivery lifecycle
sdlc_phases
21
Containers
containers
27
Secrets management
secrets_mgmt
25
Testing
testing
22
CI/CD
ci_cd
23
Infrastructure as code
iac
Machine Learning
tier 2 · 8
Learning from data
learning_from_data
57
Embeddings
embeddings
62
Loss and optimization
loss_optimization
59
Kinds of prediction
task_types
61
Training versus inference
training_vs_inference
58
Fine-tuning versus prompting
finetuning_vs_prompting
Generalization
generalization
60
Transformers, from a distance
transformers
64
Data Science
tier 2 · 6
Data wrangling
data_wrangling
Distributions
distributions
50
Correlation and causation
correlation_causation
Sampling and bias
sampling_bias
54
Charts as arguments
visualization_reasoning
Exploratory analysis
exploratory_analysis
Virtual Infrastructure
tier 2 · 5
Hypervisors and VMs
hypervisors_vms
Resource isolation
resource_isolation
26
Snapshots and templates
snapshots_templates
Virtual networks
virtual_networking
Orchestration
orchestration
AI Orchestration
tier 3 · 12
How a model works
llm_mental_model
65
Context windows
context_windows
66
Prompt structure
prompt_structure
67
Retrieval-augmented generation
rag
72
Structured output
structured_output
68
Evaluation
eval_harness
73
Tool use
tool_use
69
The agent loop
agent_loop
70
Cost and latency
cost_latency
75
Failure modes
failure_modes
74
Multi-agent systems
multi_agent
71
Orchestration infrastructure
orchestration_infra
76
Building a PC
tier 0 · 9
Meet the parts
pc_parts
What makes one part better
comparing_parts
Building safely
workspace_safety
Making the parts fit together
parts_that_fit
Putting on the brain and memory
install_cpu_ram
Into the case
build_in_case
Graphics card and storage
install_gpu_storage
Cables and the first switch-on
cables_first_boot
Install the system and play
install_os_play
Robotics & Physical Computing
Electrical Foundations
tier 0 · 7
Voltage, current and resistance
voltage_current_resistance
Ground and logic levels
ground_logic_levels
Ohm's law
ohms_law
Power and energy
power_energy
Series and parallel circuits
series_parallel_circuits
Batteries and power systems
batteries_power
Schematics, pinouts and datasheets
schematics_datasheets
Embedded Computing
tier 1 · 6
Microcontrollers vs SBCs
microcontrollers_sbcs
GPIO
gpio
ADC / DAC
adc_dac
Interrupts and timers
interrupts_timers
PWM
pwm
Hardware interfaces
hardware_interfaces
Hardware Communications
tier 1 · 5
I2C
i2c
SPI
spi
UART
uart
CAN bus
can_bus
Wireless communications
wireless_communications
Sensors & Actuators
tier 1 · 10
Encoders
encoders
DC motors
dc_motors
Distance sensors
distance_sensors
Servo motors
servo_motors
Stepper motors
stepper_motors
Motor drivers / H-bridges
motor_drivers
Cameras
cameras
Electronic speed controllers
electronic_speed_controllers
GPS / GNSS
gps_gnss
IMUs
imus
Robotics
tier 2 · 6
Robot state
robot_state
Position, velocity and acceleration
position_velocity_acceleration
Robot safety and failsafes
robot_safety
Coordinate frames
coordinate_frames
Kinematics
kinematics
Odometry
odometry
Control Systems
tier 2 · 5
Open-loop control
open_loop_control
Closed-loop control
closed_loop_control
Feedback
feedback
Stability
stability
PID control
pid_control
Autonomous Systems
tier 3 · 8
Computer vision
computer_vision
Perception
perception
Sensor fusion
sensor_fusion
Localization
localization
Mapping / SLAM
slam
Path planning
path_planning
Motion control
motion_control
Simulation
robotics_simulation
Mathematics
Algebra
tier 0 · 5
Variables and expressions
variables_expressions
29
Equations and inequalities
equations_inequalities
Exponents and logarithms
exponents_logarithms
Ratios, proportions and scaling
ratios_proportions
30
Systems of equations
systems_of_equations
Functions
tier 0 · 6
Function notation
function_notation
31
Exponential functions
exponential_functions
Linear functions
linear_functions
32
Piecewise functions
piecewise_functions
Logarithmic functions
logarithmic_functions
Polynomial functions
polynomial_functions
33
Geometry & Trigonometry
tier 1 · 5
Coordinate geometry
coordinate_geometry
34
Distance and angles
distance_angles
Vectors in 2D and 3D
vectors_2d_3d
35
Sine, cosine and tangent
trig_ratios
Radians
radians
Linear Algebra
tier 1 · 7
Scalars and vectors
scalars_vectors
36
Matrices
matrices
Vector operations
vector_operations
37
Dot products
dot_products
38
Matrix operations
matrix_operations
Linear transformations
linear_transformations
Eigenvalues and eigenvectors
eigenvalues_eigenvectors
Calculus
tier 2 · 7
Limits
limits
39
Derivatives
derivatives
40
Integrals
integrals
43
Partial derivatives
partial_derivatives
41
Rates of change
rates_of_change
Gradients
gradients
42
Optimization
optimization
44
Probability
tier 2 · 6
Probability fundamentals
probability_fundamentals
45
Conditional probability
conditional_probability
Random variables
random_variables
46
Expected value
expected_value
47
Variance
variance
48
Probability distributions
probability_distributions
49
Statistics
tier 2 · 9
Populations and samples
populations_samples
51
Sampling
stat_sampling
53
Descriptive statistics
descriptive_statistics
52
Confidence intervals
confidence_intervals
Correlation and covariance
correlation_covariance
55
Hypothesis testing
hypothesis_testing
Linear regression
linear_regression
56
Experimental design
experimental_design
Statistical modeling
statistical_modeling
Differential Equations
tier 3 · 5
First-order differential equations
first_order_odes
Growth and decay
growth_decay
Initial conditions
initial_conditions
Second-order systems
second_order_systems
Numerical solutions
numerical_solutions
Culinary Arts
Kitchen foundations
tier 0 · 6
Food safety and hygiene
food_safety
Kitchen equipment
kitchen_equipment
Knife skills
knife_skills
Mise en place
mise_en_place
Measuring and scaling
measuring_scaling
Reading a recipe
reading_recipes
Heat and cooking methods
tier 0 · 6
How heat moves
heat_transfer
Dry-heat cooking
dry_heat_methods
Frying
frying_methods
Moist-heat cooking
moist_heat_methods
Searing and browning
searing_browning
Temperature and doneness
temperature_doneness
Flavor and seasoning
tier 1 · 6
The role of fat
fat_role
Herbs and spices
herbs_spices
Salt and seasoning
salt_seasoning
Acid and balance
acid_balance
Aromatics
aromatics_alliums
Tasting and adjusting
tasting_adjusting
Culinary science
tier 1 · 6
Caramelization
caramelization
Starch gelatinization
gelatinization
Leavening
leavening_agents
Emulsions
emulsions
The Maillard reaction
maillard_reaction
How proteins cook
protein_denaturation
Stocks and sauces
tier 1 · 5
Thickeners
thickeners
Emulsified sauces
emulsified_sauces
Making stock
stock_making
The mother sauces
mother_sauces
Pan sauces and reductions
pan_sauces_reductions
Vegetables and grains
tier 2 · 5
Legumes and pulses
legumes_pulses
Pasta and noodles
pasta_noodles
Selecting produce
produce_selection
Cooking vegetables
vegetable_cookery
Grains and rice
grains_rice
Proteins and butchery
tier 2 · 6
Selecting meat
meat_selection
Curing and brining
curing_brining
Poultry
poultry_fabrication
Cooking proteins
cooking_proteins
Fish and seafood
fish_seafood
Resting and carryover
resting_carryover
Baking and pastry
tier 2 · 6
Batters and cakes
batters_cakes
Doughs and breads
doughs_breads
Laminated dough
laminated_dough
Yeast and fermentation
yeast_fermentation
Baking ratios
baking_ratios
Custards and creams
custards_creams
Beverages and bar
tier 2 · 6
Cocktail structure
cocktail_structure
Spirits and their categories
spirits_categories
Tea fundamentals
tea_fundamentals
Mixing methods
mixing_methods
Balancing a drink
balancing_drinks
Coffee brewing
coffee_brewing
Meal composition
tier 3 · 5
Plating and presentation
plating_presentation
Seasonality and sourcing
seasonality_sourcing
Timing and pacing
course_pacing
Flavor pairing
flavor_pairing
Menu planning
menu_planning
Molecular gastronomy
tier 3 · 8
Hydrocolloids
hydrocolloids
Foams and airs
foams_airs
Modernist fermentation
modernist_fermentation
Modernist gels
modernist_gels
Spherification
spherification
Carbonation and pressure infusion
carbonation
The modernist pantry
modernist_transformations
Sous vide and precision cooking
sous_vide_precision
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✕ Hide
Load-Bearing Learning
Light mode
Capstone
A personal site hosting mini-games
A game server your friends connect to
A tool for a competitive team
An agent that does a task you currently do by hand
A self-driving RC car
A self-driving RC car you build from bare metal
A personal cloud you can destroy and rebuild
Host a three-course dinner party
Set up a home bakery
Cook a week from a stocked pantry
Run a small cafe counter
Build a signature cocktail program
Cook a modernist tasting menu
Build your first gaming PC
Show legend
An agent that does a task you currently do by hand
Multiple AI models coordinated into a pipeline that runs without you.
76 CONCEPTS · PREREQUISITES FIRST
01
Binary and hex
binary_repr · Computer Architecture · t0
Start ▸
02
Files and paths
files_and_paths · Operating Systems & Linux · t0
Start ▸
03
The shell
shell_basics · Operating Systems & Linux · t0
Start ▸
04
Processes
processes · Operating Systems & Linux · t0
Start ▸
05
Users and permissions
permissions · Operating Systems & Linux · t0
Start ▸
06
Package management
package_mgmt · Operating Systems & Linux · t0
Start ▸
07
Python basics
python_basics · Programming (Python) · t1
Start ▸
08
Functions
functions · Programming (Python) · t1
Start ▸
09
Files and errors
files_errors · Programming (Python) · t1
Start ▸
10
pip and virtualenvs
◆
packages_venv · Programming (Python) · t1
Start ▸
11
Scripting the system
scripting · Programming (Python) · t1
Start ▸
12
Network layers
osi_layers · Networking · t1
Start ▸
13
TCP and UDP
tcp_udp · Networking · t1
Start ▸
14
Latency and bandwidth
latency_bandwidth · Networking · t1
Start ▸
15
HTTP and APIs
http_apis · Networking · t1
Start ▸
16
Filesystems
filesystems · Storage & Data · t1
Start ▸
17
Data formats
data_formats · Storage & Data · t1
Start ▸
18
Databases
databases · Storage & Data · t1
Start ▸
19
Git
git_basics · Software Delivery · t2
Start ▸
20
Collaborating in git
git_collaboration · Software Delivery · t2
Start ▸
21
The delivery lifecycle
sdlc_phases · Software Delivery · t2
Start ▸
22
Testing
testing · Software Delivery · t2
Start ▸
23
CI/CD
ci_cd · Software Delivery · t2
Start ▸
24
Observability
observability · Software Delivery · t2
Start ▸
25
Secrets management
◆
secrets_mgmt · Software Delivery · t2
Start ▸
26
Resource isolation
resource_isolation · Virtual Infrastructure · t2
coming
27
Containers
containers · Software Delivery · t2
Start ▸
28
Ephemeral state
ephemeral_state · Storage & Data · t1
Start ▸
29
Variables and expressions
variables_expressions · Algebra · t0
Start ▸
30
Ratios, proportions and scaling
ratios_proportions · Algebra · t0
Start ▸
31
Function notation
function_notation · Functions · t0
Start ▸
32
Linear functions
linear_functions · Functions · t0
Start ▸
33
Polynomial functions
polynomial_functions · Functions · t0
Start ▸
34
Coordinate geometry
coordinate_geometry · Geometry & Trigonometry · t1
Start ▸
35
Vectors in 2D and 3D
vectors_2d_3d · Geometry & Trigonometry · t1
Start ▸
36
Scalars and vectors
scalars_vectors · Linear Algebra · t1
Start ▸
37
Vector operations
vector_operations · Linear Algebra · t1
Start ▸
38
Dot products
dot_products · Linear Algebra · t1
Start ▸
39
Limits
limits · Calculus · t2
Start ▸
40
Derivatives
derivatives · Calculus · t2
Start ▸
41
Partial derivatives
partial_derivatives · Calculus · t2
Start ▸
42
Gradients
gradients · Calculus · t2
Start ▸
43
Integrals
integrals · Calculus · t2
Start ▸
44
Optimization
optimization · Calculus · t2
Start ▸
45
Probability fundamentals
probability_fundamentals · Probability · t2
Start ▸
46
Random variables
random_variables · Probability · t2
Start ▸
47
Expected value
expected_value · Probability · t2
Start ▸
48
Variance
variance · Probability · t2
Start ▸
49
Probability distributions
probability_distributions · Probability · t2
Start ▸
50
Distributions
distributions · Data Science · t2
Start ▸
51
Populations and samples
populations_samples · Statistics · t2
Start ▸
52
Descriptive statistics
descriptive_statistics · Statistics · t2
Start ▸
53
Sampling
stat_sampling · Statistics · t2
Start ▸
54
Sampling and bias
sampling_bias · Data Science · t2
Start ▸
55
Correlation and covariance
correlation_covariance · Statistics · t2
Start ▸
56
Linear regression
linear_regression · Statistics · t2
Start ▸
57
Learning from data
learning_from_data · Machine Learning · t2
Start ▸
58
Training versus inference
training_vs_inference · Machine Learning · t2
Start ▸
59
Loss and optimization
loss_optimization · Machine Learning · t2
Start ▸
60
Generalization
generalization · Machine Learning · t2
Start ▸
61
Kinds of prediction
task_types · Machine Learning · t2
Start ▸
62
Embeddings
embeddings · Machine Learning · t2
Start ▸
63
Vector stores
vector_stores · Storage & Data · t1
Start ▸
64
Transformers, from a distance
transformers · Machine Learning · t2
Start ▸
65
How a model works
llm_mental_model · AI Orchestration · t3
coming
66
Context windows
context_windows · AI Orchestration · t3
coming
67
Prompt structure
prompt_structure · AI Orchestration · t3
coming
68
Structured output
◆
structured_output · AI Orchestration · t3
coming
69
Tool use
◆
tool_use · AI Orchestration · t3
coming
70
The agent loop
◆
agent_loop · AI Orchestration · t3
coming
71
Multi-agent systems
multi_agent · AI Orchestration · t3
coming
72
Retrieval-augmented generation
◆
rag · AI Orchestration · t3
coming
73
Evaluation
◆
eval_harness · AI Orchestration · t3
coming
74
Failure modes
◆
failure_modes · AI Orchestration · t3
coming
75
Cost and latency
◆
cost_latency · AI Orchestration · t3
coming
76
Orchestration infrastructure
◆
orchestration_infra · AI Orchestration · t3
coming